Tao Train Oneformer

OneFormer

OneFormer for universal image segmentation. Unifies panoptic, instance, and semantic segmentation with a single architecture using task-conditioned queries.

Set train.pretrained_backbone and/or train.pretrained_model.

For TAO Deploy TensorRT actions (gen_trt_engine, TensorRT evaluate, and TensorRT inference), read references/tao-deploy-oneformer.md first. Deploy spec templates live in this skill's references/ folder with the spec_template_deploy_*.yaml prefix.

Dataclass Schemas

Generated TAO Core schemas are packaged in schemas/<action>.schema.json, with schemas/manifest.json listing available actions. Each generated schema also emits references/spec_template_<action>.yaml from the schema top-level default field. AutoML enablement is declared at the model layer in references/skill_info.yaml via automl_enabled. Runnable AutoML still requires schemas/train.schema.json and references/spec_template_train.yaml to exist and parse. Use the packaged train schema for automl_default_parameters, automl_disabled_parameters, defaults, min/max bounds, enums, option weights, math conditions, dependencies, and popular parameters. Do not expect ~/tao-core at runtime; maintainers regenerate schemas/templates before packaging the skill bank.

Train Action Policy

This model is AutoML-enabled at the model layer. Before handling any train-stage request, read references/skill_info.yaml and resolve the run override from either an explicit automl_policy value or the user's workflow request. Treat phrases like "turn off AutoML", "disable AutoML", "no HPO", or "plain training" as automl_policy: off for this run only; otherwise default to auto. When automl_policy: auto, automl_enabled: true, and both schemas/train.schema.json and references/spec_template_train.yaml are packaged, route the train action through tao-skill-bank:tao-run-automl by default with this model's skill_dir. Preserve workflow/application overrides for datasets, specs, output directories, GPU/platform settings, parent checkpoints, and automl_policy. Use direct model training only when automl_policy: off or the packaged train schema/template is missing; in the missing-schema case, report that AutoML is enabled but not runnable for this model until schemas are generated.

Non-train actions such as evaluate, inference, export, and deploy flows stay in this model skill. The per-run automl_policy override does not change model metadata.

Training Requirements

• Dataset type: segmentation
• Formats: coco_panoptic, coco
• Monitoring metric: mIoU

Per-Action Dataset Requirements

Typical Spec Overrides

Data source overrides are mandatory for every action — the agent MUST construct data source paths from the Per-Action Dataset Requirements table above and include them in spec_overrides.

S3_TRAIN = "s3://bucket/data/train"
S3_EVAL = "s3://bucket/data/eval"

train (mandatory data sources):

{
    "train.num_gpus": 1,
    "train.num_epochs": 10,
    "train.checkpoint_interval": 10,
    "train.validation_interval": 10,
    "model.sem_seg_head.num_classes": 133,
    "dataset.contiguous_id": True,
    "train.precision": "32",
    "dataset.train.images": f"{S3_TRAIN}/images.tar.gz",
    "dataset.train.annotations": f"{S3_TRAIN}/annotations.json",
    "dataset.label_map": f"{S3_TRAIN}/label_map.json",
    "dataset.train.panoptic": f"{S3_TRAIN}/images_panoptic.tar.gz",
    "dataset.val.images": f"{S3_EVAL}/images.tar.gz",
    "dataset.val.annotations": f"{S3_EVAL}/annotations.json",
    "dataset.val.panoptic": f"{S3_EVAL}/images_panoptic.tar.gz",
    "dataset.test.images": f"{S3_EVAL}/images.tar.gz",
}

evaluate (mandatory data sources):

{
    "model.sem_seg_head.num_classes": 133,
    "dataset.contiguous_id": True,
    "dataset.train.images": f"{S3_TRAIN}/images.tar.gz",
    "dataset.label_map": f"{S3_TRAIN}/label_map.json",
    "dataset.train.annotations": f"{S3_TRAIN}/annotations.json",
    "dataset.train.panoptic": f"{S3_TRAIN}/images_panoptic.tar.gz",
    "dataset.val.images": f"{S3_EVAL}/images.tar.gz",
    "dataset.val.annotations": f"{S3_EVAL}/annotations.json",
    "dataset.val.panoptic": f"{S3_EVAL}/images_panoptic.tar.gz",
    "dataset.test.images": f"{S3_EVAL}/images.tar.gz",
    "dataset.test.annotations": f"{S3_EVAL}/annotations.json",
    "dataset.test.panoptic": f"{S3_EVAL}/images_panoptic.tar.gz",
}

export:

{
    "model.sem_seg_head.num_classes": 133,
    "model.export": True,
}

inference (mandatory data sources):

{
    "dataset.train.images": f"{S3_TRAIN}/images.tar.gz",
    "dataset.label_map": {"coco_panoptic": f"{S3_TRAIN}/label_map_panoptic.json; *: label_map.json"},
    "dataset.train.annotations": f"{S3_TRAIN}/annotations.json",
    "dataset.train.panoptic": f"{S3_TRAIN}/images_panoptic.tar.gz",
    "dataset.val.images": f"{S3_EVAL}/images.tar.gz",
    "dataset.val.annotations": f"{S3_EVAL}/annotations.json",
    "dataset.val.panoptic": f"{S3_EVAL}/images_panoptic.tar.gz",
    "dataset.test.images": f"{S3_EVAL}/images.tar.gz",
}

quantize (mandatory data sources):

{
    "dataset.train.images": f"{S3_TRAIN}/images.tar.gz",
    "dataset.train.annotations": f"{S3_TRAIN}/annotations.json",
    "dataset.label_map": f"{S3_TRAIN}/label_map.json",
    "dataset.train.panoptic": f"{S3_TRAIN}/images_panoptic.tar.gz",
    "dataset.val.images": f"{S3_EVAL}/images.tar.gz",
    "dataset.val.annotations": f"{S3_EVAL}/annotations.json",
    "dataset.val.panoptic": f"{S3_EVAL}/images_panoptic.tar.gz",
    "dataset.test.images": f"{S3_EVAL}/images.tar.gz",
    "dataset.quant_calibration_dataset.images_dir": f"{S3_TRAIN}/images.tar.gz",
}

Eval Dataset

Optional. Val data configured alongside train in the dataset config.

Important Parameters

• model.sem_seg_head.num_classes: Number of segmentation classes. Default 133 (COCO panoptic).
• model.backbone.name: Default D2SwinTransformer (Swin-based). embed_dim=192, depths=[2,2,18,2] by default.
• train.num_epochs: Default 50 — significantly higher than most TAO models. OneFormer needs more epochs for convergence.
• train.optim.lr: Learning rate. Default 1e-5. Lower than Mask2Former's 2e-4.
• model.task_toggling: Enable/disable specific tasks: semantic_on, instance_on, panoptic_on.
• export.task: Export task mode. Options: semantic, instance, panoptic. Default semantic. Export input defaults to 640x640.
• inference.mode: Inference mode. Options: semantic, instance, panoptic. Default semantic. image_size defaults to [1024, 1024].
• evaluate.iou_per_class: Report per-class IoU in evaluation. Default True.

Multi-GPU / Multi-Node

Launch method: Lightning-managed (single python process, Lightning spawns workers).

• Uses explicit DDPStrategy with find_unused_parameters=True, gradient_as_bucket_view=True, process_group_backend="nccl"
• sync_batchnorm is always enabled
• No fsdp support — DDP only

Multi-node env vars (set by orchestrator): WORLD_SIZE, NODE_RANK, MASTER_ADDR, MASTER_PORT, NUM_GPU_PER_NODE.

Hardware

Minimum 2 GPU(s), recommended 4 GPU(s). 24GB+ (A100 recommended) VRAM per GPU. OneFormer is memory-intensive like Mask2Former. batch_size=1 is the default. Multi-GPU needed for reasonable training speed, especially with 50 epochs.

Error Patterns

CUDA out of memory: batch_size is already 1. Reduce image resolution or use a smaller Swin configuration.

Slow training: 50 default epochs with batch_size=1 is slow on single GPU. Use multi-GPU distributed training.

Spec Param / Parent Model Inference

Model-specific inference mappings belong in this MD file, not in config.json. Generated runners should read this section and apply the mappings with SDK helpers before create_job(). This mirrors the old microservices infer_params.py flow.

Inference mappings from TAO Core oneformer.config.json:

For parent_model or parent_model_folder, pass the upstream train/export/AutoML child job id as parent_job_id. The SDK lists the parent result folder, filters checkpoint artifacts, and returns the selected model file or folder. Do not add these mappings back to config.json and do not patch generated runner scripts to guess checkpoint paths.

Deployment

• tao-deploy-oneformer — OneFormer deploy workflow for TensorRT engine generation, TensorRT evaluation, and TensorRT inference using TAO Deploy.